Role of Youth in development of Pakistan

Youth: For me youth is the other name of energy. Any society in the world is highly recognized and identified by its youth. To have change is a society you ought to change in the youth. Young people are the ones who have the abilities to bring the change to better the world and to enhance the resources. â€Å"When the newspapers have got nothing else to talk about, they cut loose on the young. The young are always news if they are up to something that’s news, if they aren’t that news too.† â€Å"Kenneth Rexroth†About Pakistan: Pakistan is a country that is followed by bad luck right from the first day of its formation. After the death of the great leader Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah, We are not able to produce a unique leader who has the abilities to lead and direct the people in right direction. That’s the reason why there is decentralization of ideas, thoughts and response among the peoples of Pakistan. For me it is great bad luck that despite having to much resources, talent and great thinking minds, Pakistan is not yet able to registered it name the among the best develop country in the world. Youth Of Pakistan:Pakistan has the most percentage of youth among all the categories of its population. That is a great sign as it means greater chances of revolution. The history of world testifies whether there was a good or bad revolution, it was caused by young people of respective nations. â€Å"Older men declare war. But it is youth that must fight and die† We don’t need to go far; the foundation of Pakistan itself was a great revolution. The part of Muslim youth in this historical event can never be forgotten. They gave immense sacrifices to get the freedom from two greater powers i.e. the English and the Hindus. That’s why the great Quaid-e-Azam has always put a great stress on the young people and has tried to give them the right direction. He said â€Å"Pakistan is proud of her youth particularly t he students, who are always in forefront into hour of trial and need†.Some Other Revolutions: I am using the word â€Å"Youth† and â€Å"Revolution† together again and again, because I think there is very close link between these two, or these two words have incomplete meaning without each other. When we look at the history of world, the French revolution (1789-1799) occupies a remarkable place. It was a period of radical, social and political upheaval in both French and Europeans history. In that time, the cruel French rulers were permanently collapsed by the youth and now France has a renowned place in the list of sparking nations.The American Revolution, the young Turkish revolution, the Chinese revolution and the great Iranian revolution are also some important wonders of youth. â€Å"Almost everything that is great has been done by youth† It is advisable for young people of Pakistan to go, check and identify the factors causing these great revolutions and then try to implement these rules of revolution in our own society because it is true that time is slipping from our hands. Merits And Demerits Of Pakistani Youth:God almighty has blessed this part of world with immense talent and creativity. The young people of Pakistan are not less talented and able than that any other developed country. Late Arfa Kareem, Ali Moeen Nawazish are some example of young Pakistanis who have raised the name of Pakistan in front of the world. But our demerits are certainly more than our merits. A lot of our young people are busy indulging them in useless activities, thus spoiling their future. The main reason is that there is no proper guidance. We are largely spelled by the western culture.Our own culture is lost somewhere in the western and Indian culture. Our young people find themselves happy in copying bad habits of others. A large percentage of our young people have no thought about what are their actual activities and what are they doing. The re is no similarity of behavior, thoughts and ideas of life among young people belonging to different aspects and different areas of Pakistan. Our people need to understand that: â€Å"The purpose of life should be a life of purpose.†Need Of Concentration:There is a great need to make young people concentrate to the  situation of Pakistan. We can’t afford to close our eyes like a frightened pigeon. Our country is going down. Our economic condition is very poor. Other countries are causing there affects on Pakistan. There special target is the youth we should not allow these negative forces to play with. We can’t expect the government to correct everything by just rotating a stick. It is our duty to look after our beloved country. It is a â€Å"do or die† time. Each single person of Pakistanis youth needs to understand and memorize it. â€Å"The difference between a successful person and others is not a lack of strength, not a lack of knowledge, but rat her a lack of will.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Vince Lombardi†Education The Key: The first and most vital step for the youth is to educate themselves. In any area of life, no progress can be done without proper education. There is a need to provide education in each single area of Pakistan. Greater the educated person we have, greater are the chances for our progress and prosperity. Without education we are zero. There is another important factor that there should be a proper channel for education. Education shouldn’t mean only becoming a doctor or an engineer; it should teach someone how to think, how to act and how to play his role in flourishing a better society. â€Å"A human being is not attaining his full heights until he is educated†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Horace Mann†Stand Against Corruption:Corruption is like rusting which causes destruction of the whole society. Corruption is the biggest problem of our country. Our greatest bad luck is that our renowned leaders are the mot corr upted people among us. Our greatest sin is that we watch everything but remains silent and don’t even think about stopping it. If the whole youth of Pakistan gathers on one platform and take oath of vanishing corruption from the country that I’m 101% sure that we will be able to remove corruption and return millions of lack money back to poor people. It is very simple in saying. In actual, it is very hard nut to crack. But history tells us that when youth was serious  in causing the change, the youth has caused the change. â€Å"The duty of youth is to challenge corruption.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Kurt Cobain†Have A Sharp Eye On Politics:It is considered as a wise advice to keep youth away from politics. It is true, the youth should not be involved in politics, and their priority should be the education. But for me, they need to keep themselves aware of what is going around them. What sorts of persons are governing them and whether they are serious for the country or not . Because one day, a young man has to go in political life, has to cast a vote, then he should be known to the current situation and the people, he got to follow. In a nut shell, if the young are not aware of country politics, then how can we produce leaders from them? â€Å"Obstacles are those frightful things you can see when you take your off your goal.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Henry Fort†Identify Real Leaders:In Pakistan there is a worst scene that some typical families are always involved in politics. After the death of Quaid-e-Azam we haven’t find a leader that ought to be followed by all the people of Pakistan. We have got leaders of nationalism. Pathans follow different leaders. Bloch’s have some other one. Punjabi and Sindhi are also not sure about a true leader to follow that who will be sincere and honest with the country. The youth of Pakistan need to be nullifying these criteria. We should not cast our vote just by listening to others. We need to have proper se nse that who is sincere with us and who is not. We need to produce a unique leader from ourselves who should think for the country and should be able to develop a proper roadmap for the progress and prosperity of Pakistan. â€Å"Ten soldiers wisely led will beat a hundred without a head.† Have One Aim:It is necessary that young people of the whole country have same plan to work on. If we want a revolution for progress, then we should avoid  decentralization of ideas. In Pakistan there should be a single notable platform for the youth to gather and collect ideas, and then choose the best ideas and apply their implementations. The youth shouldn’t be confused and demoralized by the political infrastructure of Pakistan. They should realize that it is the time to rise to the occasion and change the negative system of the country.They should be facing problems from the hidden forces which do not want youth to come forward. They will also try to distract the youth from the right path by creating confusion and misunderstandings among young people in understanding which roadmap is right for them and which is not. â€Å"Youth is easily deceived, because it is quick to hope.† We can disgrace them by having strong unity among ourselves. There is need to know for youth trust. â€Å"United we stand, divide we fall.†Take Daring Steps:To sit on a bench and watch the things going is a very easy task. But for me the meaning of youth is to take risks. These risks are ought to be taken for our beloved country Pakistan. â€Å"Success often comes to those who dare to act. It seldom goes to the timid that are ever afraid of consequences†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Jawaharlal Nehru†Say no to corruption, injustice, cruelity and all other devils of society. Be at one notable platform and ask others to join it just by lightening candles by candles. The current situation of Pakistan tells that elections are near. There are new and old parties that are looking for ge tting the large percentage of youth votes. By standing united, the young people should put some terms and conditions in front of the political parties that they will vote them only if they are serious for the country. If after coming to government they change their policies they should be answerable in front of youth.For the present time, we need to forget every other thing and just think for our country that has given us a protection and freedom of mind. Now it is time to payback. Also people of other age groups need to put stress on growing up then youth for great revolution like that of France or Iran. â€Å"In case you are worried about what’s going to become of the younger generation, it’s going to grow up and start worrying about the younger  generation.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Roger Allen†They need to encourage the youth nearby them and to raise their morals high â€Å"We cannot always build the future for our youth, but we can build our youth for the future.â₠¬  To conclude all of what I have written above, I just want to say three words to the youth of Pakistan:- â€Å"NOW OR NEVER†

Research Article Analysis Essay

This research article analysis is over the article Undergraduate student researchers, preferred learning styles, and basic science research: A winning combination which is published in the Clearing House Journal and written by Lori Woeste and Beverly Barham. This article can also be found in Week One Electronic Reserve Readings. In this analysis a summary of the article will be provided, the type of information discussed in the article will be given, as well as if the information in this article should be considered reliable and valid. Summary This article is based on basic science research and the role that a team dynamic has on a student. What studies have found is that while the technical portion of research can pose as a challenge, student researchers are often challenged with thriving in various team dynamics as well (Woeste & Barhamm, 2012). Woeste and Barham (2012) explains that understanding the preferred learning style of a student can pose as an advantage for mentors because it allows them to have a better understanding of how meet these challenges. In this article, the authors also chronicles the background of working alongside student researchers whom prefer different learning styles. The authors also correlate this information with how being well-informed on students’ preferred learning styles can contribute towards creating an environment enriched in positive learning experiences, which ultimately results in a winning combination for the team as a whole (Woeste & Barham, 2012). Type of Information The first section of the research paper introduces the two student researchers and his or her preferred learning style. Research student one  (SR1) had a preferred learning style of kinesthetic and research student two (SR2) had a preferred learning style of visual, with both agreeing that auditory was the least preferred learning style. According to Woeste and Barhman, â€Å"The nature of the basic science research required strict adherence to sterile technique, chemical hygiene protocols, quality control guidelines, and handling of microbiological specimens† (2012, pg. 64). Both research students were then asked to demonstrate various techniques needed in basic science research and both did so accordingly, displaying a throrough understanding and competence in the techniques required (Woeste & Barham, 2012). The next section chronicles the beginning of the project. After receiving a detailed plan from the grant application, the student researchers were asked to investigate and report the timing of adherence for bacteria to different substances (Woeste & Barham, 2012). Right away it was noticed that SR1 was experiencing difficulty starting anything new and although SR1 was able to take over once receiving help, there was a significant reoccurrence of the same issue (Woeste & Barham, 2012). However, after moving SR1 from the office space to the laboratory where he or she could have a hands-on approach to using instruments and protocols, SR1 displayed competence in the ability to begin and he or she began a great source of contribution by manipulating items to help in the creative part of the process (Woeste & Barham, 2012). By moving SR1 from the office to the laboratory, the student researcher was able to contribute as well as learn in a learning style that was best suited for his or her needs. While SR2 did not display the need for a hands-on approach to develop new ideas for various parts of the project, it was quickly noticed that SR2 required a need to write down all protocols and information in regard to the project (Woeste & Barham, 2012). Due to the fact that all research should be documented, SR2 was able to contribute to the documentation aspect of the research (Woeste & Barham, 2012). In the end, SR2 was also able to contribute in a manner that benefited the project as well as suited his or her preferred learning style just as SR1 was and together the two complemented one another. Since both students preferred auditory learning least, they were both given sample question that he or she may encounter during the presentation as a way to ease nerves and prepare. The next section of this article explains how SR1 and SR2 did during the  presentation. Both students answered questions and provided information in a manner that was in coherence with each of their learning styles. SR1 spoke with hand gestures, motions, and simulated steps in the laboratory while SR2 referred to the visual poster used in the delivery of the presentation to provide information and answer questions (Woeste & Barham, 2012). The last section of this article includes the conclusion and in findings that were discovered throughout this project. Throughout this project, the authors discovered that taking a learning-center approach, students are able to learn better and work together more efficiently because it attempts to â€Å"contextualize the construct of learning styles, with the ultimate goal of improving pedagogical practice† (Woeste & Barhman, 2012, p. 65). Reliability or Validity This article would be deemed as reliable and valid because of the source from which the information came, the citations and evidence used in the article, and credentials of the authors. The Clearing House is a journal of educational strategies, issues, and ideas through the use of peer-reviewed articles (Taylor and Francis Group, n.d.) The authors also used outside sources and citations from other journals as well as books that come from valid and peer-reviewed articles and information. Last, the authors have credentials in this field of work and study to accurately report and investigate the topic in which this article was about. Conclusion Providing an analysis on a research article requires much more depth and thought than simply reading the content in the article. A reader must begin with first understanding what the article is about and who the authors are and the source from which the article is coming from. Once a student has done this, an outline should be created of each section in the article and a summary should be developed. A summary will help the student to easily identify the main points in the article. After doing so, a highlight of each section should be done so that a quick, yet thorough understanding of the article can be assessed. If all steps are followed, students should be able to correctly present a research paper on articles and after time, improve his or her ability to do so. References Woeste, L. A., & Barham, B. J. (2007). Undergraduate student researchers, preferred learning styles, and basic science research: A winning combination. The Clearing House, 81(2), 63-66. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/196879481?accountid=35812 Taylor and Francis Group. (n.d.). Genamics. Retrieved from http://journalseek.net/cgi-bin/journalseek/journalsearch.cgi?field=issn&query=0009-8655

Advantages of Retaining Older Workers

Encouraging older workers to remain in the workforce has many advantages along with some disadvantages for both the employee and the workforce in general. The term older worker refers to workers aged sixty-five and over. Older workers are an invaluable asset to the Australian workforce. Through age and life experience older workers hold great knowledge and wisdom in which they are able to pass onto the younger generation. Traditionally there was an age where people retired, however people these days people are now living longer. Therefore the time spent in retirement has also increased. This means people today will have to work longer than ever before to cover the costs of their retirement. This essay will outline why Australia needs to retain older workers in the workforce, why older people are staying in the workforce for longer and discuss some of the advantages and disadvantages associated with encouraging older workers to stay in the workforce for longer. Australia’s decreasing birthrate and an ever-increasing life expectancy has caused the Australian Government as well as employers to become increasingly concerned about how the distribution of the population within the workforce will affect the Australian economy. Presently the net growth of the Australian workforce is 170,000 people each year. Access Economics has estimated that over the decade 2020 to 2030, the Australian workforce is expected to only grow by only 125,000 people. That averages a mere 12,500 people per year. The ramifications for Australia are clear, new entrants will simply not provide enough manpower to the workforce to meet expected demand. (Andrews, K 2003) This demographic shift means the workforce will need to rely more on older workers in the near future, as Australia can no longer afford to waste the valuable resources that older workers contribute to businesses, the economy and society in general. Older workers will be crucial to the success of many companies in the future, and contribute greatly to the profitability and the survival of these companies. Australia’s need to encourage older workers to stay in the workforce for longer, will mean employers will need to structure the work environment in such a way as to fit in with the activities that older people are wanting to do. â€Å"The main reason why older workers retire or leave the workforce is to pursue new activities. † (Future of Work) While the government is encouraging people to work longer if they can, beyond traditional retirement ages, older workers are unlikely to respond to that call unless work can be more flexible and better organised to take account of what they want to do with their time. Many older workers don’t want to give up working all together and would prefer to work part time so they can still earn an income whilst having the flexibility to peruse new activities. The Government as a policy-setter and as an employer will need to meet this demand, just as the corporate sector will, by increasing workplace flexibility in order to encourage older workers to remain in the workforce for longer. 2005 figures from the Australian Bureau of Statistics shows that grandparents are delivering childcare services to more than 660,000 children nation wide. This information has lead the ACT Chief Minister Mr John Stanhope to agree with the need for the restructure of workforce practices inorder to encourage older workers to remain in the workforce for longer and in particuar older workers within the ACT public service sector. Mr Stanhope says that â€Å"Our ageing workforce, and our need to retain older workers for longer, means that over time we will need to provide working conditions that better suit mature-age workers. Mr Stanhope also believes that a side benefit of having more flexible working arrangements will also encourage retention of younger staff because they will see that their employers can be open and adaptable to change and work-life balance. â€Å"We need to ensure younger employees can also see the benefits of older workers in their workplace, not as competition for jobs, or barriers to promotion, but as the leaders who will help redefine work practices. (Changing working conditions to suit, 2007) (ACT Chief Minister Exploring Grandparental Leave, 29th August 2007) Encouraging older workers to remain in the workforce for longer has endless advantages for the workforce in general, as older workers possess more life experience and work experience than their younger counter parts. Older workers are a great on the job training resource as they have a greater willingness to share experiences with their younger co-workers and have fewer external responsibilities and distractions as their children have all grown up. According to research conducted by Australian Health Management, workers aged 55 or above are more productive than under-35s because they suffer less depression and headaches, and have no childcare problems. While the younger group of workers had an average of 19% reduction in productivity due to childcare responsibilities, allergies, depression, headaches, and asthma. A recent case study conducted by DMS Glass found that the employers considered that their older workers provided higher quality standards, which in turn encouraged younger employees to improve, as experienced staff passed on the benefit of their years of knowledge. Mature workers will also stay longer at an organisation, especially after receiving training, reather than younger workers, who are five times more likely to change jobs than a mature age worker. Older workers also have less absenteeism and sick leave and, fewer accidents than their younger colleagues. (The Australian, 2006) Influencing older people to remain in the workforce not only benefits the workforce and the economy, but it also has advantages for the worker themselves. As people age they want to remain as physically, mentally healthy and as socially active for as long as possible, and for many, work serves as a means of being able to do so. â€Å"Research tells us that there is a correlation between staying in the workforce and good health. † (Managing Your Ageing Workforce Conference, 2005. ) work also provides individuals with a sense of purpose, income and status. The reality that people today are spending longer in retirement than ever before emphasises the point that individuals will need to remain in the workforce for longer to ensure that they are financially able to live out a comfortable retirement. Some disadvantages to having older workers remain in the workforce for longer include the risk of health problems associated with older workers and their ability to perform as efficiently as their younger counterparts. As people get older they are more subject to deteriorating health, this is a part of life, and something that we have little control over. With deteriorating health these older workers may have to take time off work to attend medical appointments and may even have to restrict some of their work activities for health reasons. With older workers being restricted in their ability to perform certain tasks that are part of their job description this could prove costly to the employer as the employer will have to bare the costs of employing someone else to carry out these tasks that the older worker can no longer perform. Another problem with older workers being limited in their ability to perform certain tasks is their ability to be allocated another job within a firm or seek employment else ware as â€Å"a high proportion of older workers lack qualifications and have acquired their work skills on the job and these work skills may be specific to their occupation. (Managing Your Ageing Workforce Conference, 2005. ) Older workers are also more likely to be resistant to change, less willing to work long hours, and less willing to train. However this fact is debatable as professor McGregor from the University of Surry has found that older workers saw themselves as being â€Å"committed to the job with employees seeing themselves as eminently willing and able to be trained. † Encouraging older workers to remain in the workforce will be crucial to the success, profit, and survival of many Australian businesses in the future. The decline in Australia’s birthrate means the Australian workforce will grow an estimated 125,000 people over the decade from 2020 to 2030, which clearly it is not enough workers to meet demand. With this in mind employers will need to rely more on older workers in the future and have to find ways to restructure the work environment in such a way as to fit in with the activities that older people are wanting to do as it has become a known fact through much research that many older workers leave the workforce in pursuit of new activities. If the workplace were restructured as to fit in with the wants and needs of older workers, older workers would be able to have the best of both worlds by being able to still earn an income whilst having the flexibility to peruse new activities. Generally there are more advantages than disadvantages in having older workers remain in the workforce for longer; within the near future, older workers will prove to be an invaluable asset to the Australian workforce and play a crucial role in sustaining Australias economic stability. Bibliography Andrews, K 2003, opening address at the Ageless Workforce Symposium, Sydney, 7 August 2003, Viewed 9th September 2007, . Davies, M 2005, Labour Force Participation by Older Workers, What Influences Decision-making, Victoria University of Wellington, Viewed 29th August 2007. . Mercer Human Resource Consulting, The Productivity Commission’s Draft Report, Economic Implications of Ageing Australia, February 23, 2005, Viewed 29th August 2007, . Fr anklin, M 2006, November 14, Older workers more productive, The Australian, Viewed 10th September 2007, . Facing an Ageing Workforce, Information for Public Service HR Managers, State Services Commission, April 2004. Executive summary, updated 12th May 2004, Viewed 29th August 2007, . Hayden , C Boaz, A and Taylor, F 1999, Attitudes and aspirations of older people, a qualitative study, Viewed 6th October 2007, . Minister for Ageing, The Hon Julie Bishop, addresses the Managing Your Ageing Workforce Conference in Sydney, Viewed 29th August 2007, . Changing working conditions to suit, 2007, August 28, The Canberra Chronicle, p. 5. ACT Chief Minister Exploring Grandparental Leave, 29th August 2007, Viewed 9th September 2007. . Work and ageing 2005, Causes of our ageing population, Viewed September 9th 2007, .

Problem solving Essay

Problem solving refers to the process of tackling a problem to try and solve it. In mathematics problem solving makes use of mathematical processes which enable pupils to develop new insights, and sometimes new procedures. It involves exploration, discovery and analysis. Problem solving begins with a task which the pupils understand and are willing to engage in, but for which they have no immediate solution. It is associated with developing and learning ways to tackle and solve problems. According to Broomes, Cumberbatch, James and Petty (1995) problem solving should no longer be viewed as an activity in which pupils engage after they have acquired certain mathematical concepts and skills. Problem solving should be viewed both as means of acquiring new mathematical knowledge and as a process for applying what has been previously learned. George Polya has also propose a four-step process for problem solving. These four steps are understand the problem, devise a strategy/plan for solving the problem, carry out the strategy/ plan and check for results or look back and check. These four steps are important in helping to do problem solving. The first stage of Polya’s problem solving is understanding the problem. In order for the students to solve a problem in a mathematics classroom they must first understand the problem or understand what they are asked to find or do. The problem must be read carefully then analyzed. Polya taught teachers to ask students questions such as:Do you understand all the words used in stating the problem?What are you asked to do or show?Can you restate the problem in your own words?Can you think of a picture or diagram that might help you understand the problem?Is there enough information to enable you to nd a solution? Polya’s Second Principle: Devise a plan Polya mentions that there are many reasonable ways to solve problems. The skill at choosing an appropriate strategy is best learned by solving many problems. You will nd choosing a strategy increasingly easy. A partial list of strategies is included: Guess and check Look for a pattern Make an orderly list Draw a picture Eliminate possibilities Solve a simpler problem Use symmetry Use a model Consider special cases Work backwards Use direct reasoning Use a formula Solve an equation Be ingenious 1Polya’s Third Principle: Carry out the plan This step is usually easier than devising the plan. In general, all you need is care and patience, given that you have the necessary skills. Persist with the plan that you have chosen. If it continues not to work discard it and choose another. Don’t be misled, this is how mathematics is done, even by professionals. Polya’s Fourth Principle: Look back Polya mentions that much can be gained by taking the time to reflect and look back at what you have done, what worked, and what didn’t. Doing this will enable you to predict what strategy to use to solve future problems. So starting on the next page, here is a summary, in the master’s own words, on strategies for attacking problems in mathematics class. This is taken from the book, How To Solve It, by George Polya, 2nd ed., Princeton University Press, 1957,

Kogi&Earth Essay

View the film about the Kogi. Briefly describe their religion and how it is interrelated in everything they do. What is a mama? Describe the mamas and their religion using anthropological concepts related to religion. What is their prediction for the world? What kind of evidence are they using to support their prediction? The Kogi are a descendant tribe from the Tairona culture, in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in Colombia. They live in a mountain range that literally has its own ecosystem. To them it is a smaller version of the whole world where every climate is possible. They are an isolated tribe that feel it is their job to keep the heart of Aluna beating to help out the Young Brother. They are very dissatisfied about the way that Young Brother is exploiting, devastating, and plunder Aluna, or Great Mother. To the Kogi, there were 9 worlds made from water. The last one which is inhabited by humanity, or Aluna’s children. Their Kankurua, or hut, is designed like the nine worlds. They are made up of rings that circle to the top, with the top one being the apex of Aluna. (http://www.crystalinks.com/kogi.html) The Mama’s, or spiritual leaders, share the tribes history and religion through word of mouth. For the first nine years of a Mama’s life, they are kept in a cave in total darkness to learn the secrets of Aluna. (http://www.labyrinthina.com/kogi.htm). The mother of the Mama will come in to feed the child, but they are usually left in absolute isolation, so when the emerge into the light, they may see the beauty that Aluna has shown them. (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=urMcofvcMAU) The Kogi are an indigenous tribe that walk around barefoot to keep in contact with Aluna. They aren’t hunter/gathers, they are an agricultural tribe that plants beans, corn, cotton, and gourds. The only food supply they gather is fish. The Kogi are worried about the world and have a dire prediction for the fate of the planet, because Young Brother is cutting Mother up. They are looting her for her resources which is killing her. The evidence to supporting this is that the tundra, which once used to be green is now brown. http://www.crystalinks.com/kogi.html http://www.labyrinthina.com/kogi.htm http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=urMcofvcMAU

Effect of Ocean acidification upon ability to genetically adapt in Essay

Effect of Ocean acidification upon ability to genetically adapt in Nereis species - Essay Example This change affects the small marine organisms the most. The decrease in pH affects their physiological processes mainly their metabolic rates and oxygen intake processes. Calcifying species are also affected due to the decrease in CO32- ions, which are used in forming CaCO3. Due to these effects, the species have to adapt to these changes in order to counter the negative effects on their physiology. These changes may be phenotypic for short term or genotypic for long term. This paper investigates the effect of ocean acidity on the genetic makeup of the Nereis species (Australian Biological Resources Study, 2000, p.45). Due to the increase in the ocean water acidity, the marine species have adapted to the change in pH. All the specimens have the same gene expression alterations when exposed to low pH. All the species experience phenotype plasticity when exposed to low pH levels. These effects can be determined by scientific methods. Species from the low pH region of Ischia have adapted to low pH (Armstrong, A. 2013, p593). Six marine species were picked for the research namely; Polychaetes, Nerissuccinea, Nereisdiversicolor, Nereisvirens, Platyneiresdemerilli and Nereiszonata. The worms were collected from different areas. Some samples were from Ischia region, a place with low pH value due to CO2 vents. These samples were exposed to low pH value environments for short time and long-term durations. The control group was set in normal pH environment. The pH value affects energy production processes in the specimens. With differences in pH, the individuals of the Nereis genus undergo some changes in energy production. The samples from the regions of low pH show the least changes, having adapted to low pH levels. All the specimens are affected by extremely low pH levels but the specimens from the vents show the most resilience since they have already adapted to low pH environs. This is because their metabolic activity is always heightened. The responses

Sociology of Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Sociology of Education - Essay Example The new approach to education supports the idea that these are the families and private persons, who must be responsible for education, leaving minimum space for old objects of regulation. The incidence of state decreased, whereas the society is treated in terms of market and economy. The society is under reconstruction. But due to the fact that many state responsibilities inherent to old model of society are about to disappear, the rights of citizens are suppressed by the consumer rights. So some elements of solving the problems in the sphere of education were passed to the private sector. Present financial crisis and economic decline that still goes on both in the UK and the USA make evident that educational system is revised and reassessed. There are some points that are common for the both countries and these points are most demonstrative factors to show that revision is necessary, as it is dictated by the conditions of reality. These factors are as follows: it is a tendency to blame teachers for level of education doesn't meet the requirements of the society, as well as reducing the funds that are meant for educational needs and putting higher standards with the help of market management. This resulted in a flood of laws and recommendations given to the representatives of educational system. However, a significant part of these recommendations appeared to be a factor disturbing, rather than supporting the teachers in the process of changes made. The attempts of changing existing conditions have some differences in the USA and the UK and can be better seen in comparison. The essence of the educational reform in the USA lies in restructuring, in other words, providing for definite changes in structure, environment, organizations and curriculum of educational system. Changes include giving parents more opportunities of participating in school life and learning, or creating councils, or establishing school management and common problem-solving. Hallinger & Hausman (1993) described a plan that includes major points that should be taken into consideration while working upon the plans of reconstruction: "the decentralization of authority through school-based management; shared decision-making at each school site; a system of controlled parental choice concerning pupil attendance; and curricula organized around distinctive themes reflecting different educational philosophies ... The primary motivation was the district's commitment to the development of a viable and effective way to attain ethnic balance in its elementary schools." (Hallinger, P. & Hausman, C. 1993) The frames and schemes of restructuring differ in various states, cities and schools, but there is one general idea of reformation which is implemented in all these plans of restructuring. Some schools regard changes in structure as obligatory, the others find them optional. However, one of the most meaningful issues that refer to the essence of reformation is its effect on the nature, purpose and content of the teacher's functions. Usually restructuring presupposes a change from stressed administrative role to a flexible leadership, while in the

Moral Issues ( Open Topic) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Moral Issues ( Open Topic) - Essay Example Since an immensely unpleasant smell is his initial olfactory encounter which progresses to highly unimaginable degree of keenness, he professes in his own right to create a perfume that would relieve the French society of its abominable airs. What consumed him the most with respect to this ultimate objective is the quest to capture scent which his apprenticeship to a retired perfume-maker Giuseppe Baldini fails to give him discernment of so instead, he follows his own instincts which then cause the serial murder of exactly thirteen women within his area of influence. In reference to Kant’s proposition, Grenouille indeed has a sense of duty upon evaluation of his craftsmanship as he painstakingly takes the ordeal of gaining mastery of an uneducated specialization through help by another expert in the same field, except to him it is more of an ardent natural inclination than a call of duty. The goal is consciously projected to obtain the greatest benefit for the many only that, such drive has had power over him much more than rational realization does.

Capital Structure and Dividend Policy Theory Essay

Capital Structure and Dividend Policy Theory - Essay Example instance Sainsbury's being a retailer basically having a huge presence in the UK, has been described as one of the least leveraged firms with 1.6 billion in debt capital and 8.4 billion in equity. Its total capital value has been estimated at 10 billion (www.j-sainsbury.co.uk). The dividend payout for the financial year 2007/08 was 12.0p per share. Sainsbury's retails sales made profits of 543m on sales of 20.4 billion in 2009 (ending May). This shows an 11% rise over the previous year. Dividend cover is calculated by suing the formula (after tax profits/total dividend paid out). For example if a company made an after tax profit of 75 million and paid out 25 million in dividends in the same period, then (75 m/25 m) 3 is a better dividend cover. Any dividend cover less than 1.5 is considered to be a sign of future trouble for shareholders because there is more likely to be a cut in dividends. In fact Sainsbury's dividend cover for the three years - 2006, 2007 and 2008 - was 1.3, 1.5 a nd 1.63 respectively (Friedrich, 2007).This demonstrates that Sainsbury's is having a difficult time because of its lower leveraged position in the capital/financial markets. Though the company has been making efforts to keep the dividend cover between 1.5 and 1.75, right now its dividend cover is coming down due to the lower leverage. The company has been advised to increase its debt capital by borrowing in financial markets against debentures and bonds rather than issuing ordinary shares. This is where the agency problem plays a pivotal role. Theoretically agency problem arises when managers (agents) have more information about investment related outcomes as against shareholders or owners (principals). This principal agent problem is very strongly seen at Sainsbury's. 2.... The capital structure of the firm refers o the ratio of debt to equity and therefore it’s relevant to know how the dividend policy of the firm is influenced by the theoretical underpinnings of the firm’s capital structure determination process. For example, Sainsbury’s as the retailer in the UK has been seeking to raise more equity as against debt. Next, its inability to increase dividend cover in the recent years to match with its expectations between 1.50 to 1.75 shows that the company has depended on the less risky way of equity financing its capital rather than adopting the riskier way of debt financing. Thus the dividend policy at Sainsbury has run into difficulty. On the other hand, Easyjet has adopted a policy of non-payment of dividends to its ordinary shareholders since its launch in 1995. Just now under pressure from its principal shareholder, Stelios, the Board has agreed to pay dividends from next year. Currently, the company has a debt ratio of 53.72 % thus achieving a marginally higher debt financing ratio. However, its position is no better than that of Sainsbury though the company has made good profits.

Marketing related Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Marketing related - Essay Example Marketing research can serve as the primary tool to obtain the information needed to perform qualitative analysis about different areas within the marketing field. The descriptive role may be fulfill though primary or secondary research techniques. An example of an application of marketing research fulfilling a descriptive role could be Toy R’ Us company designing a package for a new toy that is attractive for young customer and persuades them to purchase it based on the packaging design. Marketing research also serves a diagnostic role for managerial purposes. The diagnostic role involves predicting the products that can be introduced in a particular marketplace. Burger King may desire to expand its operation into a new international location. Marketing research can help this company predict the success or failure of its product offering in particular location. Marketing research is a diagnostic tool that can prevent serious mishaps for this company. For example somebody in the company mentions India as a great location due to the size of its population. Marketing research is a tool that can predict the negative consequences of pursuing this strategic option since cattle in India is a sacred animal. Introducing a hamburger joint in a nation with such religious beliefs would not be a smart move by Burger King. A typical diagnostic application of marketing research is determining the reason a particular product is not achieving the desired sales the manager forecasted it would achieve. Marketing research also serves the function of being a prediction tool for executives of a firm. One of the primary objectives of marketing research is to predict the potential demand for a product in a particular marketplace. Based on quantitative analysis and other predictive tools such as the Delphi method marketing research can be used to determine the demand of a product in a

Summary of Images of Women in Early Buddhism and Christian Gnosticism Essay

Summary of Images of Women in Early Buddhism and Christian Gnosticism - Essay Example 95 problem The main problem addressed by the paper is: the paper seeks to obtain reasons why these negative attitudes towards women exist while it is known that they take an active role in their religious lives. This paragraph is important since it tries to show that women also take an active role in religious activities regardless of the perceptions held by men about them. Research question Why should these negative attitudes towards women persist when we know that women actively supported and participated in the religious life of both Buddhist and Gnostic communities? This is essential since it shows that the author has a point to advance to the readers as well as to get the answers why women are treated that way. Paragraph 3, p. 95 Both scriptures show that women are capable of seducing men to engage in sexual intercourse. This paragraph seeks to support the argument raised by the author that women are evil people. Paragraph 1, p.96 thesis -Both religions assume the wrong doing of women disrupted an otherwise perfect world. This thesis statement seeks to show that the author is of the view that women are responsible for human kind’s disgrace on earth. Paragraph 2, p.96 claims -The Buddhist myth posits to the effect that men’s disgrace came after he tasted food from the earth -this mainly contributed to the fall of humanity. This paragraph is very important since it highlights the source of sin among human kind. Paragraph 3, p. 96 evidence -The Christians on the other hand also attribute this myth of women’s evilness to the issue of Adam and Eve who tasted the forbidden fruit in Eden which led to sexual intercourse. -this paragraph is also important since it tries to show the evidence to prove that women were the causes of sin on earth Paragraph 1, p. 97 (Note- starts with this sentence: Other tractates, The Book of Thomas .... Eating the forbidden fruit led to the fall of humankind as shown by the actions of Eve. This section also seeks to advance the author’s argument with regards to perceptions held by men about women. Paragraph 2, p.97 evidence continues Both religions attribute the fallout of men to the deliberate act of consuming the earthly fruits that were not allowed by God. This led to sexual desire which could be satisfied through sexual intercourse. This paragraph again supports the thesis of the paper. Paragraph 3, p. 97 The Buddhists view the body of a woman as a symbol for desire and the Christian writings which also have same views for women. This paragraph is meant to support the view being presented by the author. Paragraph 1, p. 98 (note, it begins with this sentence ‘These intemperate attacks on the impurity of women's bodies and sexual...’ Womanisers are just like dogs. This paragraph is important since it helps to show that women play a major role in seducing men. Paragraph 2 p.98 Sexual intercourse is related to child bearing it is viewed as an impediment to full participat ion in religious lives. Men are encouraged to live solitary lives as an example shown by Buddha himself. This paragraph supports the thesis. Paragraph 3 p. 98 claims Christian doctrine also has negative attitude towards sexual intercourse and child bearing. These are related to suffering and Jesus even pointed out that people should destroy the works of femaleness. -both religions share the same view against sexual intercourse which leads to child birth. This is very important in the paper since the author tries to elaborate the

The Corporate Strategy of Google Inc Case Study

The Corporate Strategy of Google Inc - Case Study Example y they Goggled while searching for it hence achieving its mission of â€Å"to organize the world information and make it universally accessible and useful (Chaffey, 2010). A corporate strategy is plans designed to achieve some specific or particular goal; otherwise it is cooperation scope and direction geared towards various business operation working together to achieve set goals. Google being information sharing company it require strict and laid down strategies which it should follow to ensure that it successfully progresses. This has made it have an experimental culture those empowers employees, but more importantly defending its core. This experimental culture can well be explained using a four part analysis (Rosen, 2008). The first part of the culture strategy is earn, then entice, defend and lastly to expand t Google’s 95% of its money come from advertising. Google has a very clear and distinct vision of what it wants to become. We dwell in the world that information is valued so much due to increase in intelligence, communication technological information, innovations and education, though organization and compiling of this information that need to be shared out Google comes into safe the world (Rosen,2008). The company revenue income in its ads is slowing down despite its continuous innovation and introduction of new services and products. This creates a bad picture for the company forcing it to look at other revenue streams to sustain growth. Advances are made, and others already made to launch chrome cast during the quarter this is mainly to see that Google dominates the market with less or no major competitors (Chaffey, 2010). Google generates higher percentage of its value from advertising where it competes primary with Microsoft, yahoo and facebook according to research and estimates, standard PC search ads accounts for above 30% of it total value and 60% of revenue. This however, recent trend in earnings indicates a decline in the online PC

Rich Dad Poor Dad Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Rich Dad Poor Dad - Essay Example He tells the reader that financial literacy and intelligence is important in acquiring wealth. According to him, the difference between the rich and poor is that the former has financial education. The author wants to express that the rich people have their own businesses and poor people work for people. For this one need to have determination and drive. According to him, people can have tax advantages by owning business. The author states that owning a corporation, one get access to tax breaks that is not available to employees. By starting business, rich people make money using their skill and opportunities. The employees need to use their current job to learn skill and proceed to start business of their own. People need to acquire wealth in the right way that is by using education, intelligence and experience which are the key elements in the book. The philosophy of acquiring wealth by the author is justifiable as it makes sense and seems practical. A person can work for ages in a career and earn nothing. He might have the experience, talent and drive for it but may hesitate to start a business for lack of confidence or money. One needs to be financially independent which means that without it people can never prosper in life. Many investment opportunities are available which can help people to start business. Moreover the financial literacy is an important aspect to become rich. A person needs to enhance his financial knowledge to acquire wealth. Only having money would not make one acquire wealth but he needs to use it in a constructive way. The entrepreneurs get the advantage of tax and this is one thing missed by the employees. The author is right in saying that one need to make use of opportunities to acquire wealth. Wealth never comes by its won it need her work, intelligence, determination and risk taking. Rich people invest money and make others work for them. Rich

Recruitment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Recruitment - Essay Example It is significant to recruit individuals with necessary talents, credentials and capability in order to comprehend the purposes of an organization. Thus, it is important that managers keep in mind the present and future needs of the organization in the process of recruitment. Fruitful recruitment approaches comprise of a systematic examination of the job and the labor market situations. Recruitment is almost central to any procedure of management and failure in recruitment can develop complications for any organization such as adverse impact on its productivity and unsuitable stages of employment or abilities. Inadequate recruitment can result into shortages in labor, or even complications in decision making in management. Nevertheless, recruitment is not just an easy selection procedure. It also needs decision making of the management and wide preparation to hire the most appropriate human labor. Competition amid business organizations for recruiting the best potential has increased concentration on invention, as well as management decision making. The recruiters target at recruiting only the greatest applicants who would outfit the business values, morals and climate definite to the organization. Recruitment process does not end with application and selection of the suitable individuals, but includes preserving and holding the workers selected. Regardless of a well-designed plan on recruitment and selection, as well as involvement of competent management team, recruitment can encounter weighty hindrances in execution. Theories of human resource management may offer understandings on the best methods to recruitment although organizations will have to use their internal management abilities to apply universal concepts within exact organizational settings; recruitment has the main purpose of providing a pool of potentially competent job applicants. Researchers argue that recruitment models do not exist in seclusion. Present inducements to create them depend on t he probabilistic prediction of future vicious circle and scientific developments of accurate management alternatives (Martin & Jackson 2005, p. 90). Good recruitment models significantly enhance the capability of managers to make well-versed policy decisions. There are various categories of recruitment models; for instance, there is retained search model where a hiring professional works exclusively for a particular need and payment is separated into two sections. In addition, exclusive requirement model demands that the recruiter assures the client to close the vacancy within specific time. However, in case he fails to close the vacancy by the time, he or she should either close the position with slighter charge or accept some other fine. The most significant model that is currently preferred by many organizations includes the recruitment process outsourcing. This is because in this model, the recruitment process outsourcing partner is accountable for closing all needs (Torrington, Hall & Taylor 2008, p. 59). The partners are responsible for the entire recruitment process starting from sourcing, scheduling, interviews, and selecting. This is a benefit to the organization because it does not have to manage its own recruitment group, thus cost reductions. However, in order to avoid or reduce any risks that may occur because of this model, it is vital that organizations take precaution in the process of selecting recruitment partners. This is for

Business Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Communication - Essay Example An in-depth study of women in management settings, conducted by Korac-Kakabadse and Kouzmin revealed several insights into how communication is often a key factor in women not achieving the same level of power as men in the workplace. It explored the differences in their manner of communication and the way that these differences lead them to have less power. He pointed out, for example, that even the terminologies used in a workplace used to be male-oriented. (Korac-Kakabadse and Kouzmin, 1997, pp. 190-193) As researchers have observed, several positions in an organization would have titles such as â€Å"chairman† or â€Å"salesman†, making them seem like jobs that are designed for males only. Furthermore, women occupied some positions so often that these job titles were associated only with women. Some of the most well known examples of this are â€Å"secretary† and â€Å"manager’s assistant. The reason why this point is essential to this critique is tha t these job titles, both the ones associated with males and the ones associated with females, were altered around the same time that the role of women in the workplace started gaining more power. Women, whom these stereotypes had suppressed for a long time, stood up and fought for change, and achieved it. They had the male associated positions changed to â€Å"chairperson† and â€Å"salesperson†.... In addition, the women-associated job titles now stand replaced by more male-oriented titles such as â€Å"office manager† or â€Å"assistant manager† (Pringle, 1992, pp. 127-60). Even generic terms like â€Å"mankind† now stand replaced with less sexist words like â€Å"humankind†. This is an indicator of how women who seek power started by altering the communication strategies in the world around them, in both the workplace and otherwise. Thus, this supports the theory that communication strategies have a large bearing on the power that women possess in the workplace. Another important area in communication that affects the power that women have in the workplace is nonverbal communication. As researchers have found, even the difference in tones that women and men use often affects their power disparity in the workplace, regardless of the content of their speech. Due to the different roles men and women adopt in their lives, they often develop tones of sp eech accordingly. A man will more likely have a strong and confident voice whereas a woman will have a soothing and comforting tone (Willis, 1990, pp. 40-72). This difference makes it appear that the man is more capable of taking charge in the workplace, whereas the woman is more suited for a less power-oriented career. It would also explain why men are more likely to be trusted with managing and leading large workforces, while women are employed to work for them. This again supports the view that women need to alter their communication strategies if they wish to have more power in the workplace, even if it is their non-verbal communication. A few more studies have observed the communication strategies used by men and women, and have found some startling differences when

The case of Libyan Arab Foreign Bank v Bankers Trust Co [1989] QB 728 Essay

The case of Libyan Arab Foreign Bank v Bankers Trust Co [1989] QB 728 - Essay Example This traditional approach can be seen in the case of Serbian Loans3 any contract that is not a contract between states in their capacity as subjects of international law is based on the municipal [domestic] law of some country The rules thereof may be common to several states and may even be established by international conventions or customs, and in the latter case may possess the character of true international law governing relations between states.4 Therefore when it comes to investment contracts between states then it will have elements of adhering to the contractual word of the agreement; as well as the duty of care that the obligations are met as in public international contractual agreements. There has been a suggestion that cases that are on a private international matter allows the domestic court that makes the decision have an extraterritorial effect in imposing the obligation across borders, i.e. applying the higher standard of obligation and care that public internationa l law holds.5 On the other hand, the case of Holmes v Bangladesh Biman6 argued that foreign jurisdictions have no legitimate reason for subjecting their civil law on foreigners in their own country. Therefore these two cases make it difficult for correctly pursuing fraud, negligence or any circumstance that leads to an action when it is a case of foreign investment, i.e. where would you make the action and could you legally serve and enforce the action papers in foreign jurisdiction. However, it seems that the Libyan Bank Case was ahead of its time although it did surround a time of terrorism that was strikingly the same as the 9-11 attacks, such as the Lockerbie case. Therefore business law is under an obligation at state and at international levels to protect security, by imposing a duty for businesses to disclose any actions that would indicate terrorism, organized crime or threaten national and international security. Yet, as the following case study will illustrate that freezing assets is a common approach and duty of the bank that is mainly prevalent in Post 9-11, which the Libyan Bank Case failed to do.7 On 2 September, High Court of Justice in London rules in favor of Libya, orders Bankers Trust London to transfer to Libyan Arab Foreign Bank $131 million, plus accrued interest, that has been blocked by US assets freeze. US Treasury authorizes payment on 9 October. 2) In the era of terrorism and protection of the security of states, this means that financial institutions and international businesses are embarking on a different era of state co-operation. Companies are faced with being diligent in ensuring that they are free from fear of money laundering investigations. On of the strictest guidelines can be seen in the EU, therefore Barclays Bank Plc the fourth largest bank in the world ensures that their regulations are strict as their mother state is the UK. It has been realized that one of best methods to stop organized crime is through stricter policing of finances. The EU has become a lot stricter in this area, especially in respect to opening bank accounts and the ID required

Population Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Population - Research Paper Example Countries Rank by Total Fertility Rate (TFR) Rank Countries Children Born /Woman Date of Information 1 Zambia 5.81 2013 2 Nigeria 5.31 2013 3 Tanzania 5.01 2013 4 Senegal 4.61 2013 5 Ghana 4.12 2013 6 Cameroon 4.00 2013 7 Kenya 3.76 2013 8 Zimbabwe 3.58 2013 9 Egypt 2.90 2013 10 Kuwait 2.56 2013 11 South Africa 2.25 2013 12 United States 2.06 2013 13 United Kingdom 1.90 2013 14 Brazil 1.81 2013 15 China 1.55 2013 Source: (3Central Intelligence Agency 2013). ... For example, developing countries such as Zambia and Cameroon rank higher in terms of TFR and MMR than developed countries such as the US and the UK. Correspondingly, it can be stated that there exists a direct relationship between TFR and MMR. Evidently, the decline in fertility leads to decrease in the exposure of risks associated with maternal mortality and vice versa (1Central Intelligence Agency 2013; 2Central Intelligence Agency 2013) Rank the Countries by Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) Rank Countries Death/1000 Live Births Date of Information 1 Nigeria 72.97 2013 2 Zambia 68.58 2013 3 Cameroon 58.51 2013 4 Senegal 53.93 2013 5 Tanzania 45.10 2013 6 Kenya 42.18 2013 7 South Africa 42.15 2013 8 Ghana 39.70 2013 9 Zimbabwe 27.25 2013 10 Egypt 23.30 2013 11 Brazil 19.83 2013 12 China 15.20 2013 13 Kuwait 7.68 2013 14 United States 5.90 2013 15 United Kingdom 4.50 2013 Source: (Central Intelligence Agency 2013). Rank by Life Expectancy at Birth Rank Countries Years Date of Information 1 United Kingdom 80.29 2013 2 United States 78.62 2013 3 Kuwait 77.46 2013 4 China 74.99 2013 5 Egypt 73.19 2013 6 Brazil 73.02 2013 7 Ghana 65.32 2013 8 Kenya 63.29 2013 9 Tanzania 60.76 2013 10 Senegal 60.57 2013 11 Cameroon 55.02 2013 12 Zimbabwe 53.86 2013 13 Nigeria 52.46 2013 14 Zambia 51.51 2013 15 South Africa 49.48 2013 Source: (1Central Intelligence Agency 2013). Population Growth Rate (Measured By Total Fertility Rate) Varies With Infant Mortality Rate and Life Expectancy at Birth It has been determined from the above presented charts that infant mortality rate is higher in developing countries than developed countries. On the contrary, life expectancy rate at birth is higher in developed countries than developing countries. Correspondingly,

Study case Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Case Study Example Currently, Global Motors has different models that are feasible in terms of engineering and production. Though the company has different brands and models of vehicles, the company is experiencing a problem in their marketing of the vehicles. The company gets problems in knowing the customer loyalty or the level of desirability of the models by the customers. These spans from determining the most desirable price range for potential buyers, determining the most desirable size of the vehicle (seats) and determining the models have the most desirable form of energy used for vehicle transportation. The company also faces problems in positioning of the cars to the customers in aspects such as demographic, psychographics, global warming, lifestyle and other perceptions. The company also faces problems in promotional /marketing tactics to use to reach potential buyers.Specificaly; the company wants to know the best social media to use so that they may use it to avoid spending large amounts of money on online promotions. Lastly, the company gets problem in getting the target market and the bes t segment. It is evident that these problems that concern the positioning of the cars, desirability or customer loyalty, target markets and segments, and promotional tactics relate to the marketing plans. This research therefore seeks to evaluate the effective marketing plan of the Global Motors. This research will implore both qualitative and quantitative research methods to get the important information. The research will have a sample size of 100 customers with 50 buyers in the social media and 50 and 50 who are not in the social media. The data will be collected through the usage of questionnaires and interviews as source of primary information. The secondary data will include environmental, automotive and marketing information from the

The interpretation that Lenin was a dictator Essay Example for Free

The interpretation that Lenin was a dictator Essay Historians such as Pipes and Volkogonov have made the interpretation that Lenin was a dictator. As he adopted policies such as War Communism and the establishment of the Cheka. However their historical accounts can be challenged, due to their personal opinions. Other historians, such as Hill, believe that Lenin was not a dictator, as his policies were imposed on him by the Russian circumstances. Thus Lenin was not a dictator, as he was merely responding to the harsh Russian circumstances and was able to adopt flexible policies such as NEP. Lenin has been seen as a dictator through his centralisation of the state by 1924. This is because a centralised one-party dictatorship governed Soviet Russia. The Politburo became the Bolshevik organisation, which dominated government institutions and the main decision-making. Also Lenins decision to form an entirely new body of government, the Sovnakom, while the Soviet existed and should have been made as the main body of government, showed that Lenin had no intention of sharing power with other socialist groups in the Soviet. The Sovnakom ruled by decree without going to the Soviet for approval. Thus the centralisation of the state in Russia can be seen as dictatorial as it limited the political influence of other political groups, while it strengthened the authority of the Bolshevik, through the establishment of Sovnakom, which Lenin chaired. Pipes is one of the Historians who believe that the centralisation of power had allowed Lenin to create a one-party dictatorship1, as Lenins party was a precursor of a new type of political organisation that would be emulated before long by mass-based dictators2. Thus this historian is suggesting that Lenin creation of the Sovnakom, allowed his party to rule Russia through dictatorial means. This opinion is to an extent true, as the creation of the Sovnakom showed that the main decision making was taken by the Bolshevik centre with little account taken of other political viewpoints. However, Pipes historical account can not be held reliable, mainly for his personal views on Lenin and Communism, and also on the fact that there were circumstances outside Lenins control that forced him to use the Sovnakom rather than working effectively with the Central Executive Committee, such as the Civil War. The Politburo is also seen as a dictatorial institution that allowed Lenin to extend his dictatorship. The Politburo was the leading decision-making body of the Communist Party; it increasingly took power from the Sovnakom as the key decisions were made in the Politburo. Furthermore the Politburo consisted of members chosen by the Central Committee. Volkogonov explains that there was never a debate about it power3; this he believes was achieved as State power has been handed over to the so-called Party organ which was in fact the main instrument of the Bolshevik dictatorship4. This historian is suggesting that through the Politburo the Bolsheviks were able to rule Russia in a form of dictatorship, this is because they had the means of control and could pass decrees without considering other political viewpoints. The view that Lenin was a dictator because of the way he controlled political power could be challenged some historians belief that the creation of both the Sovnakom and the Politburo was a necessary measure, imposed on Lenin due to the circumstances created by the Civil War. It seems unlikely that Lenin would have moved so quickly towards a highly centralised state had it not been for the Civil War, which created the economic chaos in which the country found it self in 1918. The nature of the Civil War meant that there was little time to carry out consultation with the Soviet and other bodies. Emergency decisions needed to be taken quickly, thus decision making become more centralised. This view is supported by the fact that, in Nizhniy-Novgorod, the local Mafia of black marketers who defied Moscow controlled everything. So it is understandable the regime should have used the party structure to gain more centralised control of government bodies and bring some sort of order to the chaos. Therefore the actions of Lenin were pragmatic responses to the problems the Civil War forced on him, and they were not dictatorial, as Lenin had no choice. Overall, the centralisation of power does not suggest that Lenin was a dictator, this is because it was a pragmatic response to the chaos created by the Civil War, and also Lenin had lost control over the Politburo due to his ill health, towards the end of his time in power the Politburo is regarded to have become increasingly dictatorial. Thus the actions taken by the Politburo were not Lenins responsibility, they were the responsibility of Bolshevik party itself. Therefore Lenin cannot be seen as a dictator. Historians have interpreted Lenin as a dictator due his use of Red Terror. It was introduced after the attempt on Lenins life on 30 August 1918. The Red Terror is seen as a dictatorial action as it was the use of force to establish more political control over the Russian society. Thus Red Terror was used against any political opposition, which seems dictatorial. Pipes who views the Red Terror, as evidence that Lenin was a dictator, believes that Red Terror was not a reluctant response to the actions of others but a prophylactic measure designed to nip in the bud any though of resistance to the dictatorship5, thus this historian supports the idea that the Red Terror was used to form a dictatorship, as it restricted political freedom in Russia. This is because the Red Terror was aimed at former officials, landlords and priests who were executed. Any opposition to the Bolshevik Party authorities was dealt with by violence. Peasants who resisted the requisitioning of their crops or who hoarded grain were often shot at. Industrial unrest was similarly crushed. Therefore the Bolshevik regime was aware of the fact that there may be some opposition to the regime from, hence the regime chose to use the Red Terror in order to deal with any possible opposition. Thus some historians see this as a dictatorial action. Volkogonov also views the Red Terror as a cling to power at any cost6. He believes that Lenin wanted to stay in power at the cost of the Russian lives that may oppose him, thus Lenin chose to end this opposition either with physical terror, shooting, or through the use of concentration camps. Another aspect of the terror, which leads many historians of accusing Lenin as a dictator is the formation of the CHEKA7. This became the state institution8 to deal with any form of opposition to the regime. Historians believe that Lenin can be seen as dictatorial as he chose to deal with the opposition by terrorist means, and that he felt no qualms in resorting to merciless terror.9 Pipes believes that Lenin is a dictator as he planned to use terror before there had been any organised opposition against him. He explains that the CHEKA, or secret police, the main agency of the Red Terror was established in December 1917, before there was any organised resistance to the new regime.10, thus this shows that the CHEKA was only used to maintain the power of the Bolshevik regime and to protect Lenins authority. This view is supported by Volkogonov who believes that in order for Lenin to protect his authority he needed only one device, merciless dictatorship11. This historian is clearly stating that Lenins use of terror was a merciless dictatorship aimed at protecting his regime from any opponents. For example in August 1918 Lenin ordered ruthless measures against rich peasants who were resisting the regime and in particular its requisitioning of food. Therefore the CHEKA can be seen by historians such as Pipes and Volkogonov as a clear evidence of the dictatorship of Lenin. This is because the CHEKA and the Red Terror helped Lenin to establish more control over opposition in Russia. However, the account of these two historians can be challenged, as Pipes is an anti-Marxist and despises Lenin, while Volkogonov is an ex-general in the Russian army and does not approve of Soviet policies, therefore both historians hold biased views and. In addition to their historical opinions there are histor ical facts suggesting their argument is wrong. The interpretation that Lenin used terror simply as a means of enforcing his policies and establishing control has been questioned by other historians who see the policy of the Red Terror as a temporary measure forced on Lenin due to the circumstances; they also believe the terror was not used entirely by Lenin, Red Terror was rather a response to terror he faced. Lavers opinion on the Red Terror is that Terror met Terror12. Here he is referring to the Civil War, in which the Whites were using terror as well. During the Civil War, Baron Wrangel, a White leader in the Crimea ordered the execution of 300 prisoners of war, while the Green leader Antonov allowed his army of peasants to bury alive captured communist. Thus this historian is suggesting that Lenin only seemed to respond to the situations he was in, and had no intention of controlling political opposition. Lenin was not the only one using terror, there were other political organisations that did use terror. Hence he was in a situation in which he had to use terror as a response. Other historians also believe that Lenin was in a threat from the first moment he come into power, thus he needed to use terror in order to protect his authority. This view is supported by Liebman, who believes that Lenins motive- to defend the soviet power against the attacks of counter revolutionaries13, led him to use terror as he was facing opposition from 1917. This is proven by the fact that the opposition to Lenin came both from within Russia and from outside Russia. On 10 November 1917 the Morning Post in London called for direct military action against the Bolsheviks, also as the Bolsheviks seized power in October 1917 Kerensky and General Krasnov attempted to rally an army onto Petrograd in November 1917. This therefore shows that Lenin faced opposition and a terror threat from the first moment he came to power, thus he merely responded to this terror. Overall, Lenin used the Red Terror as a response to the terror that already existed in Russia when he had come to power. Lenin established the Red Terror after he had faced threats from both within Russia and from foreign intervention, thus Lenin cannot be seen as a dictator. This is because Lenin did not establish terror for personal interest and to control all political opposition, he established the terror in order to deal with terrorist opposition in the same way any regime would. The use of the CHEKA is also viewed by Service as a temporary measure, he believes that Lenin believed that the need for such an organisation would be only temporaryLenin did not at this stage call for a campaign of extensive mass terror14. This view is right, as Lenin saw the CHEKA as a temporary measure to protect the Bolshevik regime during its infancy to ensure its survival. Furthermore, the CHEKA was temporary, as during the Civil War the role of the CHEKA had declined. Overall, both the Red Terror and the CHEKA were a temporary response to the circumstances and a necessary body to contain the counter-revolution threat facing the Bolsheviks. Furthermore any regime that is newly established into a nation needs to protect itself from terrorist opposition. Thus Lenin cannot be seen as a dictator because he established a temporary measure as a response to the Russian circumstances. One of the reasons why Lenin is accused of being a dictator is the policy of War Communism. War Communism was a decree introduced by Lenin, it established strong centralised control over areas of production and distribution in the areas under Bolshevik control. War Communism can be seen as dictatorial policy as it reduced workers involvement in factories: Factory Committees lost the ability to manage their work places. Instead party officials took over this role which led to Bolshevik control over the economy. It also included the requisition of grain from peasants in rural areas by force; this caused unrest to increase as a result Lenin was forced to back his measures with the terror of the CHEKA. The view that War Communism is dictatorial is expressed by Volkogonov who believes that War Communism was a harsh regulation, as there was an acute food shortage in 1920 and a famine in 1921, in which 10 million Russians died. Volkogonov also believes that the dominance of the state over society which Lenin approvedensured the adoption of War Communism15. Volkogonov expresses a view in which Lenin appears to have approved of complete control over all aspect of society, and it was his attitude towards the government of Russia that led the way for War Communism. Thus Volkogonov is stating that Lenin is a dictator because of the policies that he introduced to Russia. However, knowing that Volkogonov was an ex-general in the Russian army, and had to leave due to his political views of the communist regime, his views cannot be seen as reasonable due to his biased and anti-Leninist feelings. The interpretation that War Communism was dictatorial is also questionable because, to an extent, the control of War Communism was needed, as most factory committees were not professional and experienced enough to control production for the Civil War, nor did they have the ability to organise the supplies for the cities and Red Army. It can therefore also be argued that Lenin was not a dictator, for example Hill argues, that Lenins choices to introduce War Communism were caused by temporary desperate necessities16. This suggests that Lenins actions were not of a dictatorial intention and that Lenins adaptation of War Communism was a mere response to the harsh economic problems. Although Hill is a biased historian, as he was a Marxist and sympathetic to Lenin, there were harsh conditions, due to the treaty of Brest Litovsk and the Civil War so his interpretation is still credible. The view that War Communism was not dictatorial is also supported by Laver, who believes that War Communism was the response of a regime desperate to feed the towns17. Production in Russia collapsed as the transport of goods and raw materials was totally disrupted by the Civil War; the allies blockaded communist territory, mainly Petrograd, and prevented it receiving foreign trade. This led to the population of Moscow and Petrograd being halved; of the 2.6 million workers in 1917 only 1.2 million was left working in 192018. Thus there was a need of an economy that was temporarily controlled by the state in order to ensure that cities were provided with food from the countryside and that production continued during the Civil War. Most importantly it can not be overlooked that War Communism was only a temporary measure. As soon as the Civil War come to an end War Communism was replaced by the New Economic Policy; which granted workers more than the freedom they had before the Civil War, and the peasants a freedom which they had never had. Laver, who holds a neutral view of both Lenin and communist revolution, believes that War Communism was a response to the Russian problems. He states that the policies were brought in piecemeal in response to the critical circumstances which prevailed in Russia19. Therefore this view also supports the argument that the economic problems led Lenin to adopt the policies of War Communism. Service also believes that The onset of Civil War had intervened and necessitated emergency measures that he now referred to as War Communism'20, therefore the view of Service, who is a neutral historian, supports the view of both Hill and Laver that Lenin was led to adopt the policies of War Communism due to the Civil War. Overall, Lenin cannot be easily accused of being a dictator as he adopted the policy of War Communism. This policy involved emergency measures that were imposed on Lenin as production fell and the Civil War started, Lenin had no intention of using the economy to establish personal power as he was willing to grant back political freedom as soon as the Civil War was over. The New Economic Policy (NEP) could be seen by some historians as one of the policies that proves Lenin was a dictator. They suggest that Lenin was desperate to keep power therefore he introduced NEP which only gave limited economic freedom and introduced political restraints to ensure that no power was lost. Historians such as Pipes question Lenins motives for introducing NEP, they dont believe that it was done to grant freedom but in order to maintain power. Pipes claims that NEP was a temporary measure only introduced as a period of relaxed tension so that a fresh offensive would be launched to exterminate the bourgeois for good21. Pipes view is to an extent is right, as the introduction of NEP was accompanied by strict measures of political control such as a final ban on all political parties other than the Bolsheviks. This suggests that Lenin was not willing to compromise his power, and he kept control of the commanding heights of the economy, thus had no real intention of granting the freedom that NEP seemed to promise. Pipes also suggest that for the Bolsheviks the grain monopoly was essential to the survival of communist dictatorship22, and that the Bolsheviks needed to regain the peasants loyalty in order to establish their dictatorship. However this interpretation is questionable as the Bolsheviks intended to regain the loyalty of the peasantry for a better agriculture that would help to develop a better industry. Pipes view is biased, as he holds an anti-Lenin felling. Pipes served as President Reagans national security advisor on soviet affairs during 1981-82; thus he holds a very negative opinion towards Communism and Lenin in particular. Pipes view is therefore questionable. The introducation of NEP was after War Communism, this shows that Lenin was willing to grant freedom. This, ascertains that Lenin was in fact far from being a dictator as he granted the peasantry a freedom that they never had before and he allowed the agriculture and trade to develop in private hands. Services view that NEP allowed greater legal freedom for the peasantry to trade grain than had previously been available to them23, is a more of a convincing view, as NEP allowed the peasants to trade the remainder of the grain anyway they wished. Thus the freedom that has been granted to the peasants proves that Lenin had no intention of acting as a dictator. NEP is therefore evidence that Lenin is not a dictator. It showed flexibility and the ability to compromise on ideology, which is not often related to dictators. Furthermore, NEP was able to restore confidence in Russians, workers and farmers returned to their work, which did help the economy. Overall, the NEP is another reason why Lenin cannot be seen as a dictator. This is because Lenin was able to see the errors that had been caused by War Communism and offer an alternative that did not agree with his ideology. NEP therefore proves that Lenin is far from being a dictator as it helped to improve the Russian economy and it replaced a temporary policy, which was not suitable for Russia after the Civil War. Overall, Lenin was not a dictator as he had no intention of being so, Lenin merely responded to the circumstance that faced him, although these responses may seem unsuitable Lenin did retreat from some of them, such as the move from War Communism to the New Economic Policy after the Civil War. Thus Lenin cannot be seen as a dictator. 1 R.Pipes- The Russian Revolution page 506 2 R.Pipes- The Three Whys of The Russian Revolution page 38 3 D.Volkogonov-Lenin Life and Legacy page 306 4 D.Volkogonov-Lenin Life and Legacy page 307 5 6 D.Volkogonov- Lenin Life and Legacy page 237 7 The Extra-ordinary Commission for Combating Counter-Revolution and Sabotage was founded in December 1917. 8 D.Volkogonov- Lenine Life and Legacy page 236 9 R.Pipes- Three Whys Of The Russian Revolution page 41 10 R.Pipes- Three Whys Of The Russian Revolution page 41 11 D.Volkogonov- Lenin Life and Legacy page 472 12 J.Laver- Lenin Liberator or Oppressor page 62 13 M. Liebman- Leninism Under Lenin page 315 14 R.Service- Lenin a Biography page 322. 15 D.Volkogonov- Lenin Life and Legacy- page 334. 16 C.Hill- Lenin and the Russian Revolution- page 133. 17 J.Laver- Lenin Liberator or Oppressor- page70. 18 P.Oxley- Russia from Tsars to Commissars- page 128. 19 J.Laver- Lenin Liberator or Oppressor- page70. 20 R.Service- Lenin a Biography- page 430. 21 R.Pipes- The Russian Revolution- page 22 R.Pipes- The Russian Revolution- page 23 R.Service-Lenin a Biography- page

Getting Lost Essay Example for Free

Getting Lost Essay I can vividly remember the first time I visited my aunts and uncles in their hometown when I was still a child. It was a big city and the malls during that time were so huge in my eyes. I was with my grandparents then because my parents were so busy with their jobs. As a child, I was very excited to visit other place and see new things especially when I have not visited yet the place of my relatives. It was totally my first time to visit there and my first time to travel without my parents so I told myself that it would be a lot of fun without their presence. I undoubtedly and excitedly packed up my things and told my parents that it would be a memorable trip with my grannies. Besides, nobody can’t watch and reprimand me whatever I wanted to do because grannies were so lax in dealing with me. Unlike with my parents, they were so tight and disciplinarian when I was younger. To make the long story short, when I arrived in my relatives’ place, I was so astonished and surprised. The things I heard were really true. I happened to passed by in the heart of the city and I was so delighted of what I see. There were big buildings and modernized malls. I immediately told myself to ask my grannies if I could stroll around the city and look at the malls. Well, since they were not so tight, they allowed me to go to the mall but with two conditions, I should be back before eight in the evening and should take one of my cousins to the mall that was three years older than me. Wow, eight? It was still one in the afternoon and I can do many things with those hours of being in the mall. The mall we went to, I forgot its name because it happened many years ago, was so huge. It had 7th floor and the area was so vast. I was very excited as I got in. I immediately roamed around the mall and looked at the latest fashion. I was very happy at that time and could not speak because of excitement. I told my cousin to wait for me in the fast-food inside the mall because I am going to look at clothes first and promised to be back soon. However, I was so unconscious with the time that I was not able to go back to her as I promised. I was talking to myself that it was my time to enjoy because there were no oldies around. I started to go up and see what’s more on the rest of the floors. I enjoyed playing with the games in its amusement park and feasted on delicious ice cream (and totally forgot about my cousin who accompanied me) which was my delight when I was younger. When it was about past six in the evening, I went to the seventh floor and tried to have a look. I was able to see there big stuff toys and other toys for the kids. I was tempted to buy one but my money was not enough though so I just looked and fed my eyes with beautiful things I saw. I started to go down and plan to go back to my cousin around seven. When I was about to go down, I can’t traced anymore where I passed. I started to become startled and nervous. Because of my excitement, I forgot to remember my cousin who was waiting for me in the fast-food. I tried to remember the floors but I could not. I did not know that there were many entrances and exits in that mall and was not informed by my cousin that we passed in the second floor to get in the mall. I was roaming and roaming in order to trace where I previously passed by and get back to my cousin. But I could not find the fast-food where I left her especially there were a lot of people in the mall at that time. My heart pounded so fast not because of excitement but because of worry and nervousness. I wanted to cry but hold back my tears and started to blame myself why I did that. I regretted why I did not take her with me when I roamed around. In spite of that, I did not lose hope. I continue to look and look until I can pass again the path I passed hours ago. Since it was almost eight, my cousin was also starting to worry about me. It worried her where am I already and what happened to me, because I only told her to be back soon but I never did. Because of that, she went to the information and paged me. I was so relieved when a lady was paging me to meet my cousin at the information area. But since I did not know where the information was, I unashamedly asked one of the salesladies and fortunately I was able to get there. When I saw my cousin, I started to cry because of nervousness and was thankful that I saw her.

Re-Branding Malaysia Airlines

Re-Branding Malaysia Airlines To solve Malaysia Airline’s branding problem, rebranding is necessary for them for their potential customer to put Malaysia Airline as priority choice when comparing among the airlines. According to Jonathan A.J Wilson (2014), brands are a visual, aural and verbal encapsulation of differentiating characteristics for people to a particular product or services (Lessons from Malaysia Airlines: Damage Control and Should They Rebrand, para.4). Comparing same type of products and services, branding always influences people to put the brands as their top choices. He also stated that cooperate brands have their identity and personality, linking all the employees, activities, products and services to the organisation (Lessons from Malaysia Airlines: Damage Control and Should They Rebrand, para.4). Although Malaysia Airline gives us the pride as it is our national brand, people avoid choosing it as their top choice for their safety measure when flying because the branding is associates with air disasters. Rebranding would be a solution for Malaysia Airline current situation because rebranding which involves repainting its uniforms and relaunching it with new logos and name is a strategic action for the airlines after a clash (Karl West, 2014, para.1). According to Johnny Clark, an aviation brand consultant and director of The DesignAir , their recognisable logos and cooperate colours were on the headlines of TV news channels and newspaper front pages during the air crashes, causing deep impact in the people memory about the passenger jet disasters. Clark also pointed out MAS need to consolidate the current look of their aircraft if their aircraft and the smart course of action would be to expedite the painting of their entire fleet to the newer scheme( Annette Ekin, personal communication, July 2014). By rebranding the Malaysia Airlines, people will lower their worries and security guard towards the branding because it is wholly new for them and the new branding would prevent evoking of the memories of the scene of plane crash. A name change would tell the entire world that Malaysia Airlines have changed and they are ready for a new chapter in order to regain their customers. Comparing the air disasters happened in the past, the aviation tragedy in MH17 similar with the shooting down of Korean Air Lines flight KAL 007, a commercial carrier which sheered into Russian airspace. To solve their branding crisis, the airline chose to remould into its new image, Korean Air. The affiliation of its previous branding which is a tail-fin logo, a red crane enclosed in red circle with tragedy and doomed flight is replaced with a stylized red and blue taeguk, the Korean yin-yang. With its fresh look, Korean Air now a top ranked airline for service and safety and able to survive through the bran ding crisis ( Karl West, 2014, para.9) . Other than rebranding Malaysia Airlines, they need to restructure their business by making major internal changes in the company. Apparently, the first things they need to improve is development of a flexible crisis response capability. Paul Baines (2014) has stated the capability of a company in handling challenges and crisis is a measure of the company to survive in the business world. (What Malaysia Airlines must do to survive, para.5) According to Paul (2014), it is crucial for Malaysia Airline to form a crisis response team in order to response to the emotional needs of its public and also conduct a post mortem the changes they would practice for handling crises better in future. (What Malaysia Airlines must do to survive, para.5) It is very important for it to refill its plane with global passengers, especially the Chinese and the Dutch which are the biggest community involved in the twin air disasters. The crisis communication strategy should account for the media and general public particularly the families and internal staff. A crisis communication team would be responsible for when, what and how the informations will be conveyed to each audience (Ben McCarthy, 2014,pg.1). Reviewing the case of MH370, the biggest fault by Malaysia Airline is the slow reaction towards the crisis. Robert Jensan who is the chief executive of Kenyon, a crisis and disasters management company said that the first thing Malaysia Air lines should have done is inform the airport to take a few actions without any delays. The arrival board of the flight should be taken off immediately, setting up a reception area for the family members. Before the news broke, the family members is required to stay in a protected area, securing them from the media onslaught. The priority in the chaos should be the family members of the passengers. Furthermore, Robert pointed out that Malaysia Airline should brief them before the media and be transparent in giving the information in their hand and caution them about the speculation that will inevitably arise and tell them what to expect in the coming days (Amber Hildebrandit, personal communication, March 12, 2014). By having good crisis management team in order for facing challenges in the future, Malaysia Airline is more ready to be exist as a competitive airliner. Good crisis management system would regain its customers because their right have been reserved. Concerning about their customers’ right and needs, the Malaysia Airline would be remoulded as a responsible airline company which put their customers need as their top consideration. By doing this, they would solve their branding problem and financial problem in the future. Although regaining potential customers to refill its plane would help Malaysia Airline to aid in its financial problem, cutting cost and restructuring the business model are necessary. Since high operating cost is one of the factor, weakness in pricing and revenue management, sales and distribution in the market can be overcome by personnel transfer. Cut job can directly ease the financial burden and the remaining staffs will provided training again so that they remain as highly skilled and competitive employee to help in decision making in the planning for business strategy for Malaysia Airline. In addition, replacing the aircraft with the higher efficiency and fuel saving is inevitable for facing the current escalating fuel. It is to ensure the yield per route would be profitable to cover the high operating cost. To do so, restructuring the route also needed so that unprofitable route would be taken out and avoid financial lost. Although cutting cost and restructuring business mode l are effective ways to solve their financial crisis, it would takes long time to practice the solution. Despite the time taken, downsizing and restructuring the route affect the personnel lives. Downsizing would cause the employees to lose their jobs and source of revenue while restructuring the route may neglect the need of minority group who needs the flying service. For this reason, Malaysia Airline needs to handle it well by holding several communications and negotiation with the employee and the public so that it will not bring damage to its branding anymore. The twin aviation disasters in four months have brought severe damage to the reputation and financial status of the Malaysia Airline. To survive in this crisis, it is a biggest challenge faced by the airline because the lack of experience handling in such problem in the past. Malaysia Airline should solve both the problems together as its’ interrelated. Rebranding and restructuring of the airline would be a new chapter for the relationship between the airline and customers. Lessons learned by the airline would help them to handle crisis better in the future, securing the national brand of the airline as well as the right of the passengers.