The Concept of Field Theory and Its Characteristics

Introduction Attempts to explain how individuals interact with the environment and how such interactions influence the process of decision-making have been made in psychology. In its summation, field theory holds that the coexisting factors in any surrounding play a critical role in controlling the manner in which people behave and eventually reason out (Embree, 2003).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Concept of Field Theory and Its Characteristics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper seeks to discuss the concept of field theory elaborately. The paper will review the numerous generic characteristics that apply in varying domains. The paper also evaluates the differences that exist between subjectivity and objectivity based on the theory’s constructs. The Generic Characteristics of Field Theory Field theory offers to give explanations about changes that occur in the states of given elements, such as a static field inducing movements in a particle that is charged (Kline, 1996). The theory, however, does not appeal to the changes that occur in the states of different elements. This characteristic is often likened to a vector, which may also be referred to in other quarters as a gradient or slope. The explanation falls outside the framework of sociology. For instance, it is difficult in attempting to persuade people how possible it is to describe occupational mobility. This has often been done through choosing an option, which ends up registering no changes. It is prudent to note that upward mobility also occurs in other varying forms, which are inherent in careers. The expectation among many people is that the upward mobility in particular careers will often affect people occupying given positions as long as ‘nothing happens.’ For change in state to occur, there has to be an interaction involving the field on the one hand, and the element’s existing state o n the other. For instance, a particle that is positively charged moves in a different direction compared to one that is negatively charged. This characteristic closely relates to the third one, which complements the whole point. The elements often have specific characteristics that eventually render them vulnerable to the effects of the field. In other words, different particles have different degrees, as well as directions of charge. From this characteristic, it can be argued that bodies without any mass are not by any means affected by a force within a gravitational field. In physics, there is no existent of a field that is known that has an effect on virtually all the particles. In this regard, therefore, the fact that there is a cluster of people unsusceptible to the effects of a social field does not succeed to disapprove claims concerning the field’s existence. It should not be a hard task trying to identify the right person to be subjected to the field. It acts in a si milar fashion to the magnetic field, which affects only some substances.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When there are no elements within the field, then there emerges a likelihood of the force being created. However, this happens without the existent of any force. With reference to the field, it should be noted that an internal energy often operates, which has the power to influence an element even where the two are not coming into contact. In addition, field theory mainly applies in cases where the substitute explanation entails action at a distance. This form of explanation, however, has had mixed reactions from different groups of people, with the western world mainly treating it with suspicious dislike as opposed to how the eastern world treats it (Delprato Smith, 2009). Although this distinction may seem hard to understand, a field takes up action, whereupon X affect s Y although the two never come into contact. What the field does to Y is direct inducement of potential energy. A continuous medium, such as a fluid, may be considered sufficient in aiding this, although its presence may not be of necessity for the local action. With X somehow having the potential to anchor the field, it is not, however, described that it actually affects Y. From the explanations on the fourth characteristic above, it can be concluded that it is not possible to directly measure the field itself. This, in addition to the discomfort that the West has over the idea of hard particles colliding with each other, is the main reason behind the idea of analysts only resorting to field theories after they have considered all the other options. A fifth characteristic of the field theory touches on it being organized and differential. According to Kline (1996), the field can be attributed to a vector whose force is possible, although the vectors do not resemble each other and their distribution is not random. The field, in this case, may be regarded in terms of topology owing to the fact that its deviations may include strength as well as direction of motion, which may be by mode of induction in a particle. This means that the field is made up of a slope upon which an object will definitely roll downwards. The field, therefore, is a representation of comprehensive regular occurrences within the social set up, which can be equated to the structures or systems of the organization. Field Theory Position: Differences between Subjective and Objective Approaches Field theory does not fully offer an explanation on the existing differences between subjective approach and objective approach. The modern day theories that include field theory only consider giving regular answers as opposed to elaborating on the links between constructivism and specific patterns.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Concept of Field Theory and Its Characteristi cs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This they do by only zeroing in on abstract patterns and their respective intersubjectivity. Alternatively, field theory also attempts to disregard the significance of intersubjectivity by pressing that constructivism and phenomena are actually one and should never be regarded as distinct. The main principle upon which field theory is founded actually fails to recognize the fact that phenomenology and objective description are two distinct concepts (Kahn, 2003). Field theorists strongly consider the world to be objective in the most absolute terms possible. The move by the theorists is informed more by their need to explain the ability of people to pilot the field. Such efforts only result in the admission that the field only contributes to the entire regularity as well as structure that is of desire, despite being a phenomenological construct worth being described as so. In other words, it can only be regarded as what is immediately encountered. The mapping of the field is not only arbitrary, but incomplete as well. What it turns out to be is reclamation of information that is needed for action, which is only organized based on the current position of an individual. What we retrieve from the environment directly is an urgent need for action. Because there lacks a need to arrange in category, the urge to change position is given priority, while the cognitive perception takes a lesser consideration. In this case, therefore, consciousness refers to the power to apprehend. However, the apprehension involves the concepts that make part of the world and its surrounding environment. The way we understand the social field can also be termed as direct, as well as couched within the socially built categories, which turn out to be relevant in as far as our conduct is concerned. There is the aspect of field theory drawing the implication that can be construed as knowledge of social perce ption, which flies in the dominant pseudo-Durkheimian orthodoxy face (Martin, 2003). Such an implication senses data coming in a form that is relatively disorganized and sorted on the basis of culture. What can be deduced from the above analysis is the fact that field theory implication offers a totally varying account. There is an obvious attempt to fundamentally organize percepts owing to the fact that they belong to an environment or world that contains unique principles of organization.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, all the perceiver does in this instance is to establish an ontological complicity to benefit from the pre-existing structural principles that make up the social order. This, in sociological circles, has been referred to as â€Å"causal texture of the environment†. Field theory fails to establish a cognitive map that is complete, which would allow one to consider any object that is unique and put it into other category set. Instead, a general assumption is held to the effect that everybody has the capacity to say what is expected of them at any given time. The general rule of this theory can be assumed to imply that things are what they are, or what they look like, and their looks instruct us on what to do with them. Looking at actors within an organization, the main force influencing their actions is not their own feelings but rather the environment within which they operate. In other words, they act in a cognitive manner that is devoid of cultural schemes, existing ind ependently from their psyches. As Khan (2003) argues in support of this idea, the actions can be considered to be only complimentary of what the environment offers. The other principal idea of field theory, which limits its effectiveness in explaining the difference between subjective and objective approaches, lies in its wedding of perception and apperception in a rich dualism that is theoretical. This is in itself interospecific visual information rather than exterospecific (Martin, 2003). In both cases, the person taking in information concerning the world remains relative to the person’s position in as far as the field is concerned. Conclusion Field theory forms a part of the numerous approaches that have been formulated to explain different phenomenon within the psychological world. The theory mainly expounds on the regularities within an individual action with regard to position. There are common characteristics about field theory, which include explaining the changes t hat take place in given elements when their state changes and the interaction between the existing states of elements, and the interaction they have with the field. Other characteristics include the elements having specific attributes that make them vulnerable to the field, as well as the field being differential and organized. However, field theory is inadequate in its explanation of the existing difference between subjective and objective approaches. References Delprato, D. J., Smith, N. W. (2009). Sketch of J. R. Kantor’s psychological interbehavioral field theory. The Psychological Record, 59(4), 671-678. Embree, L. (2003). Aron Gurwitsch’s theory of cultural-scientific phenomenological psychology. Husserl Studies, 19(1), 43-70. Kahn, P. H. Jr. (2003). Ape cognition and why it matters for the field of psychology. Human Development, 46(2-3), 161-168 Kline, T. J. (1996). Defining the field of industrial-organizational psychology. Canadian Psychology, 37(4), 205-209. Martin, J. L. (2003). What is Field Theory? American Journal of Sociology, 109(1), 1-49 This essay on The Concept of Field Theory and Its Characteristics was written and submitted by user Logan Chan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Asian Crisis Essay Research Paper Asian Crisis free essay sample

Asiatic Crisis Essay, Research Paper Asiatic Crisis The fiscal crisis that erupted in Asia in mid-1997 has led to crisp diminutions in the currencies, stock markets, and other plus monetary values of a figure of Asiatic states. It is difficult to understand what these diminutions will really make to the universe market. This diminution is expected to halve the rate of universe growing in 1998 from the four per centum that was projected pre-crisis to an estimated result of about 2 per centum. The states that are included in the East Asiatic crisis, known as # 8220 ; Tiger # 8221 ; economic systems, are Hong Kong, Indonesia, South Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan and Thailand. For these states to take part efficaciously in the exchange of goods, services, and assets, an international pecuniary system is needed to ease economic minutess. To be effectual in easing motion in goods, services, and assets, a pecuniary system most significantly requires an efficient balance of payments adjustment mechanism so that shortage s and excesss are non prolonged but are eliminated with comparative easiness in a moderately short clip period. We will write a custom essay sample on Asian Crisis Essay Research Paper Asian Crisis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Asiatic crisis of recent falls into this class of inefficient balance of payments facilitated by depreciation of its currency. By competitively deprecating its currencies, Asia is exporting its deflation, its overcapacity and its deficiency of growing to the West, peculiarly to the US. History The past 10 or 15 old ages have seen an unprecedented enlargement in the extent to which the states of the universe are tied together, both by instant communicating and by international trade, establishments, and markets, including fiscal markets. On the whole, this procedure of globalisation has been an tremendously positive development. It has opened new markets, enhanced competition, spurred invention, and provided new chances for workers, husbandmans, and concerns around the universe. For illustration more than 40 per centum of US exports today are absorbed by developing states, an extraordinary addition over past export forms, and the occupations associated with these exports are high -paying, good occupations. The increasing productiveness of our trading spouses has helped maintain rising prices down and better criterions of life in the United States. And outside the US, likely 100s of 1000000s of people have been lifted out of poorness around the universe by the economic growing and trade over the past 20 or 30 old ages. Effectss of the Global Economy In this new planetary economic system, states are more tightly linked than of all time before to each other’s fates. A decennary ago, a prostration in the currency of a little, distant state like Thailand would hardly hold rated a reference in the typical American newspaper. Last twelvemonth, nevertheless, that currency clang triggered a crisis in other East Asiatic states that has dominated intelligence coverage in a manner that no other foreign fiscal crisis has of all time done earlier in this state. The ground for the alteration is that we now have more at interest than of all time before in the economic public presentation of these states. Not merely are they major clients for our merchandises ; the rich states and developing states are besides progressively linked by fiscal ties. In 1996, the developed states including the US invested more than 250 billion in emerging markets, and this is compared to approximately 20 billion 10s old ages before. Much of this money was from Bankss ( particularly in Japan and Europe ) , although US common financess, pension financess, and single investors besides participated. But whatever its beginning, the extent of this investing means that economic convulsion in East Asia has a direct fiscal impact on the developed world’s capital markets, including our ain. Indeed, a brief dip in US stocks last October was widely attributed to turmoil in the Hong Kong stock market that was, in bend, linked to the crisis set off by Thailand’s currency clang. What were the causes? Throughout the East Asiatic crisis many different thoughts have been proposed to what the cause or causes were. Attempts to place the cardinal causes of a fiscal crisis ever suffer from the job of separating penetration from hindsight. Many fiscal journalists today have said the the crisis was the inevitable counsquence of: â€Å"overvalued excha nge rates, big current history shortages, short-run capital influxs, opaque fiscal systems, or one of several other purportedly fatal defects in East Asiatic capitalism.† It seems just to state that a twelvemonth ago cipher suspected that a catastrophe like what we have seen was possible, although all of the features that are now described as the fatal defects of the East Asiatic economic systems were moderately widely understood even so, at least by experts. sing a vocal of six pence:1999